Average Irradiance-Weighted Cell Temperature, Tmod_ave = 55 ⁰C
Collect data below from PV module datasheet
Example
PA STC = Pmax STC * Nt
Pmax STC (or Pmpp) Maximum Power/ Rated Power/ Peak Power/ Power at MPP under STC condition (W)
Nt Total number of PV modules (units)
Since Nt for all PV modules are same during installation, so ignore Nt during evaluation.
Take worst case.
Convert to decimal if need
fmm = [ ( Pmax STC - Power tolerance(W) ) / Pmax STC] / 100%
fmm = [ 100% - Power tolerance(%) ] / 100%
Example
SOLARMAN 200W
Power tolerance = -5%
fmm = (100% - 5%) / 100 = 0.95
SURIA 220W
Power tolerance = +0 W
fmm = [ ( 220-0 ) / 220 ] / 100% = 1.00
SINAR 200W
Power tolerance = +0 W
fmm = [ ( 200-0 ) / 200 ] / 100% = 1.00
SILAU 175W
Power tolerance = +0 W
fmm = [ ( 175-0 ) / 175 ] / 100% = 1.00
1) In this article Tmod_ave already assumed, for formula may refer to Step 4 Average Irradiance- Weighted Cell Temperature
2) Convert YPmax from <W °C-1> or <W K-1> to <% °C-1 > or <% K-1 > if need.
YPmax (% °C-1) = [ YPmax (W °C-1) / Pmax STC ] * 100 %
Example
SOLARMAN 200W
YPmax = - 0.76 W °C-1
YPmax = ( - 0.76 / 200 ) * 100 = -0.38 % °C-1
Example
SOLARMAN 200W = 1 + [(-0.38) /100 x (55 - 25)] = 0.886
SURIA 220W = 1 + [(-0.44) /100 x (55 - 25)] = 0.868
SINAR 200W = 1 + [(-0.358) /100 x (55 - 25)] = 0.8926
SILAU 175W = 1 + [(-0.43) /100 x (55 - 25)] = 0.871
Power Degradation can be found from PV module datasheet from keywords below
Power Warranty from 0 to 1 years
Linear warranty from 0 to 1 years
Minimum power output from year 1
** For comparison purpose, can refer power degradation from 0 to 1 year enough.
2. General Formula
Since we only compare 0 to 1 year, so can be simplify to:
Example
SOLARMAN 200W = 1 - [ 2 / 100 ] = 0.98
SURIA 220W = 1 - [ 2.5 / 100 ] = 0.975
SINAR 200W = 1 - [ 2.5 / 100 ] = 0.975
SILAU 175W = 1 - [ 2 / 100 ] = 0.98
Example
SOLARMAN 200W = ( 200 x 0.95 x 0.886 x 0.98 ) / (1.559 x 0.798) = 132.61 Wh/m2
SURIA 220W = ( 220 x 1.0 x 0.868 x 0.975 ) / (1.61 x 1.06) = 109.09 Wh/m2
SINAR 200W = ( 200 x 1.0 x 0.8926 x 0.975 ) / (1.482 x 0.992) = 118.39 Wh/m2
SILAU 175W = ( 175 x 1.0 x 0.871 x 0.98 ) / (1.622 x 0.814) = 113.14 Wh/m2
SOLARMAN 200W has the highest AC energy output per area.
Design And Sizing of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power System - SEDA Malaysia- 4th Published 2023
Example 3.1
Example 3.3
SEDA GCPV Tutorial Design - Nov 2024
1. Dimensioning of PV array - Question 1
1. Dimensioning of PV array - Question 2
1. Dimensioning of PV array - Question 3